El Niño and La Niña are climate phenomena resulting from ocean-atmosphere interactions that impact the temperature of waters in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. These phenomena affect global weather patterns. During El Niño, warmer-than-usual sea surface temperatures emerge along the equatorial Pacific Ocean due to weak trade winds being pushed back towards South America. Conversely, La Niña occurs when strong trade winds push warm water towards Asia, leading to greater upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water towards South America. According to India Meteorological Department (IMD) forecast, La Niña conditions are expected to set in later this year, potentially influencing global weather patterns.
